India’s Indo-Pacific Role: Security, Strategy & Taiwan

India has significantly deepened its engagement with Southeast and East Asian nations over the past decade, particularly under Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Act East Policy, leading to increased defense and security cooperation and a growing focus on regional stability in the Indo-Pacific.

Strengthening Ties and Defense Cooperation

Unlike previous administrations, Modi’s government has prioritized building defense and security partnerships with ASEAN countries. This expansion of cooperation with nations like Kuala Lumpur and Hanoi demonstrates India’s commitment to promoting peace and security in the Indo-Pacific region. The opening of Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd’s first regional office in Kuala Lumpur in 2023 signifies a strengthening of India’s defense presence in the area.

Implications for Taiwan

India’s proactive stance is viewed favorably by Taiwan, which, like India and its Southeast Asian counterparts, faces increasing assertiveness from China. India’s defense diplomacy is expected to contribute to stability in the South China Sea and the Taiwan Strait. New Delhi’s decision not to endorse the “one China policy” and its focus on expanding cooperation with ASEAN nations aim to promote strategic autonomy and counter China’s regional dominance.

Expanding Cooperation in AI and Beyond

There is growing recognition that disrupting the status quo in the Taiwan Strait would negatively impact maritime interests and potentially lead to increased Chinese coercion. India and Southeast Asian countries are exploring increased engagement with Taiwan, including potential trilateral and multilateral exercises. Taiwan’s cybersecurity expertise could be valuable in protecting critical infrastructure from Chinese cyberattacks.

Collaboration in artificial intelligence is also emerging, with the Taiwan Indian Artificial Intelligence Center established through a partnership between National Chung Cheng University and the Indian Institute of Technology Ropar. This collaboration, supported by the National Science and Technology Council, could democratize the AI sector and expand Taiwan’s maneuvering space. Efforts are also underway to foster a more independent regional economic order, reducing economic vulnerability among India, Taiwan, and ASEAN countries.

Promoting Democratic Values and Governance

As India and Southeast Asian nations work to strengthen democracy in the Indo-Pacific, Taiwan’s role as a representative of democratic ideals and human rights is increasingly valued. Efforts are being made to secure Taiwan’s inclusion in global bodies, such as the WHO, and to invite Taiwan to regional programs.

Taiwan’s expertise in connectivity and governance is also seen as crucial, particularly through its New Southbound Policy. India and other regional powers are encouraged to create platforms for Taiwan to share its expertise in these areas.

Moving Towards Institutional Engagement

Recognizing Taiwan’s growing significance, including its role in maintaining supply chain reliability and freedom of navigation, India is shifting from an ad hoc approach to a more institutionalized engagement with Taiwan. The opening of a Taipei Economic and Cultural Centre in Mumbai and the participation of Taiwanese think tanks at the Raisina Dialogue in New Delhi are indicative of this intent. India is also considering working with Southeast Asian countries to elevate Taiwan’s presence in addressing regional economic, governance, and security challenges.