Unveiling the Role of Microquasars

The LHAASO observatory, the world’s most sensitive cosmic-ray detector, has been instrumental in this discovery. Its expansive array of detectors allows it to capture detailed information about air showers – cascades of particles created when cosmic rays collide with Earth’s atmosphere. By analyzing these showers, researchers can infer the energy and direction of the incoming cosmic rays, and, crucially, begin to trace their origins. LHAASO’s unique capabilities have allowed for a level of precision previously unattainable.

The research team found a strong correlation between gamma-ray emissions from a specific population of microquasars within the Milky Way and the observed cosmic ray spectrum. These microquasars, characterized by their powerful jets of particles, act as incredibly efficient particle accelerators. The intense magnetic fields surrounding these systems accelerate particles to near-light speed, boosting them to energies capable of producing the observed cosmic rays. ScienceDaily details how these systems function as extreme particle engines.

Previously, it was hypothesized that supernova remnants were the primary source of cosmic rays. While supernovae undoubtedly contribute, the LHAASO data suggests that microquasars play a more significant role, particularly in the PeV range corresponding to the “knee.” This doesn’t negate the importance of supernovae, but rather refines our understanding of the cosmic ray landscape.

The implications of this discovery extend beyond simply identifying the source of cosmic rays. It provides valuable insights into the physics of extreme environments, the behavior of matter under immense pressure, and the fundamental processes governing the universe. What other secrets are hidden within these energetic systems? And how do these galactic particle accelerators influence the broader cosmic environment?

Further research is planned to expand the catalog of identified microquasar sources and to refine the models describing particle acceleration within these systems. The LHAASO observatory will continue to play a crucial role in this endeavor, providing a wealth of data for years to come. China Daily highlights the observatory’s unraveling of this key mystery.

Frequently Asked Questions

• What are cosmic rays and why are they important?

  Cosmic rays are high-energy particles originating from outside Earth. Studying them helps us understand the extreme physics of the universe and the origins of matter.

• What is the “knee” in the cosmic ray energy spectrum?

  The “knee” is a distinct hardening in the cosmic ray spectrum around 4 PeV, indicating a change in the composition and origin of these particles.

• How does LHAASO help identify the sources of cosmic rays?

  LHAASO’s sensitivity allows it to detect air showers created by cosmic rays, enabling scientists to infer their energy, direction, and potential sources.

• What is a microquasar and how does it accelerate particles?

  A microquasar is a compact system with a black hole or neutron star that emits powerful jets of particles, accelerated by intense magnetic fields.

• Do supernova remnants still play a role in cosmic ray production?

  Yes, supernova remnants are still considered contributors to cosmic rays, but microquasars appear to be more significant, especially at the energies associated with the “knee.”