The Evolving Threat of Covert Mobile Surveillance

Stalkerware, often marketed as parental control software, is increasingly weaponized in domestic abuse situations and other forms of harassment. Unlike traditional malware designed to steal financial information, stalkerware’s primary objective is to monitor a person’s location, communications, and activities without their consent. This can include tracking GPS location, intercepting text messages and emails, recording phone calls, and even accessing photos and videos. The surreptitious nature of these apps makes them particularly dangerous, as victims are often unaware they are being monitored.

For years, organizations like the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) have been sounding the alarm about the proliferation of stalkerware and urging anti-virus developers to prioritize its detection. Eva Galperin’s work has been instrumental in raising public awareness of this issue. Previous testing in 2020 and 2021 by AV Comparatives demonstrated inconsistent detection capabilities among popular security apps. This latest assessment, focusing on the most prevalent stalkerware variants in 2025, provides a crucial update on the current state of mobile security.

2025 Anti-Virus Performance: Who Protects Best?

The recent tests reveal notable improvements in stalkerware detection overall, but significant gaps remain. Malwarebytes emerged as the clear leader, achieving a 100% detection rate for all tested stalkerware products. ESET, Bitdefender, McAfee, and Kaspersky closely followed, identifying all but one sample. This represents a marked advancement compared to the 2021 results, where only one app achieved perfect detection, with others scoring between 80-85%.

However, the performance of some widely used anti-virus solutions remains concerning. Google Play Protect, the built-in security feature on many Android devices, and Trend Micro exhibited the lowest detection rates, at 53% and 59% respectively. The vulnerability of Google Play Protect is particularly troubling, as stalkerware developers often specifically target its detection mechanisms during installation.

A Shrinking Stalkerware Market?

Interestingly, the number of unique stalkerware products tested in 2025 (17) was slightly lower than the 20 tested in 2020 and 2021. Researchers observed that many current stalkerware apps are simply variations of a smaller number of underlying products, suggesting a consolidation within the market. This decline may be attributable to several factors, including increased regulatory scrutiny and legal action against stalkerware developers. Furthermore, the growing popularity of alternative tracking methods, such as Bluetooth trackers like Apple AirTags and Tiles, may be diverting demand away from dedicated stalkerware applications.

But should we be comforted by this apparent decline? The shift towards alternative tracking methods raises new privacy concerns. While these devices aren’t inherently malicious, they can be misused for unwanted surveillance. What responsibility do manufacturers have in preventing the misuse of their products?

Ultimately, protecting yourself from stalkerware requires a multi-layered approach. Choosing a robust anti-virus solution is crucial, but it’s equally important to practice good digital hygiene, be mindful of app permissions, and stay informed about the latest security threats.

Frequently Asked Questions About Stalkerware

• What is stalkerware and why is it dangerous?

  Stalkerware refers to software designed to secretly monitor someone’s activity on their mobile device. It’s dangerous because it allows perpetrators to track location, intercept communications, and access personal data without the victim’s knowledge or consent, often in the context of domestic abuse.

• How can I tell if stalkerware is on my Android phone?

  Detecting stalkerware can be difficult, but signs include unexplained battery drain, increased data usage, unusual app activity, or the presence of unfamiliar apps. Running a scan with a reputable anti-virus app is the most effective way to identify and remove stalkerware.

• Which anti-virus app is best for detecting stalkerware?

  According to recent tests, Malwarebytes demonstrated the highest detection rate, identifying 100% of tested stalkerware products. ESET, Bitdefender, McAfee, and Kaspersky also performed well, detecting all but one sample.

• Is Google Play Protect sufficient to protect against stalkerware?

  Unfortunately, Google Play Protect’s detection rate is relatively low, making it an insufficient sole defense against stalkerware. Stalkerware developers often specifically target Play Protect’s detection mechanisms.

• What can I do if I suspect I am being monitored by stalkerware?

  If you suspect you are being monitored, immediately change your passwords, review app permissions, and consider factory resetting your device. Contact a domestic violence support organization for assistance and guidance.